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Destruction of environment during an armed conflict and violation of international law: a legal analysis (2024)

FAQs

What are the environmental consequences of armed conflict? ›

Over the years, parties to armed conflicts have polluted water, torched crops, cut down forests, poisoned soils , and killed animals to gain military advantage.

What is the law of armed conflict environment? ›

Parties to an armed conflict shall seek, as soon as possible, to remove or render harmless toxic or other hazardous remnants of war under their jurisdiction or control that are causing or risk causing damage to the environment.

What is armed conflict in international law? ›

An armed conflict is said to exist when there is an armed confrontation between the. armed forces of States (international armed conflict), or between governmental authorities and. organised armed groups or between such groups within a State (non-international armed conflict).

What is a serious violation of laws of armed conflict? ›

Some examples of prohibited acts include: murder; mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; taking of hostages; intentionally directing attacks against the civilian population; intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historical monuments or ...

What are the consequences and effects of armed conflict? ›

War kills, but the consequences extend far beyond these direct deaths. In addition to battlefield casualties, armed conflict often leads to forced migration, ref- ugee flows, capital flight, and the destruction of societies' infrastructure. Social, political, and economic institutions are indelibly harmed.

What are the environmental impacts of conflict? ›

Direct impact includes intentional targeting of the environment, physical destruction, or the use of natural resources by militant groups to finance conflict, environmental contamination from bombing of industrial sites, and military debris and demolition waste from targeted infrastructure (Solomon et al., 2018; Jensen ...

What are the 4 laws of armed conflict? ›

Treat all persons who fall into your hands humanely and protect them from the dangers of war. Care for the wounded, including enemy wounded, on the basis of medical priority. Obey all combat rules (see below). Use no more force than is necessary to achieve your operational task.

What is an example of armed conflict? ›

International armed conflict (IAC) is the traditional form of warfare that is typically waged between two or more States, for example World War I and World War II.

What does the law of armed conflict apply to? ›

The law of armed conflict is a branch of international law, the law that States have agreed to accept as binding upon them in their dealings with other States. As well as governing relationships between States, international law applies to the conduct of hostilities within a State.

What are the types of conflict in international law? ›

There are two types of armed conflict: international armed conflicts and non-international armed conflicts. International humanitarian law (IHL) applies in situations of armed conflict, which can be distinguished in two types: international armed conflict (IAC) and non-international armed conflict (NIAC).

What are the principles of international armed conflict? ›

The core fundamental principles of IHL are: The distinction between civilians and combatants. The prohibition to attack those hors de combat (i.e. those not directly engaged in hostilities). The prohibition to inflict unnecessary suffering.

Who is protected in an armed conflict? ›

International humanitarian law protects a wide range of people and objects during armed conflict. The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols protect sick, wounded and shipwrecked persons not taking part in hostilities, prisoners of war and other detainees, civilians and civilian objects.

What violates international law? ›

A state violates international law when it commits an "internationally wrongful act" - a breach of an international obligation that the state was bound by at the time when the act took place. A state is bound to act according to international treaties it signed.

Which country breaks the most international laws? ›

The major one is the United States of America, which repeatedly breaks international law and/or set aside international conventions which the US has ratified and as such is required to honor. In some cases, the International Court of Justice wishes to conduct investigations or is already in the process.

Is armed conflict the same as war? ›

A conflict is a fight between armed troops. War is the hostility towards other parties issued officially by governments/states.

What are the environmental impacts caused by war? ›

The water supply in the war zones has been contaminated by oil from military vehicles and depleted uranium from ammunition. Along with the degradation of the natural resources in these countries and a radical destruction of forest cover, the animal and bird populations have also been adversely affected.

What are the consequences of military conflict? ›

The indirect effects of militarized conflicts' affect access to food, hygiene, health services, and clean water. Women suffer more harshly from the damage to the health as well as overall well-being, other infrastructure damages, and the wider economic damage as well as from dislocation during and post-conflict.

What are the environmental impacts of war and terrorism? ›

War and terrorism have left an extensive legacy on landscapes throughout the world. The environmental repercussions of war and terrorism are varied, including bomb damage, altered urban and rural environments, depleted forests and wildlife, cemeteries, museums and memorials.

What problems are caused by armed conflicts? ›

Armed conflicts mean devastating loss of civilian life, massive displacement and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law.

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